Overexpression SPRY2 Suppresses Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression Via Inactivation of ERK/AKT Signaling / La Sobreexpresión SPRY2 Suprime la Evolución del Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Esófago Mediante la Inactivación de la Señalización ERK/AKT

SUMMARY: Esophageal cancer is one of the most aggressive gastrointestinal cancers. Invasion and metastasis are the main causes of poor prognosis of esophageal cancer. SPRY2 has been reported to exert promoting effects in human cancers, which controls signal pathways including PI3K/AKT and MAPKs. However, the expression of SPRY2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its underlying mechanism remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the detailed role of SPRY2 in the regulation of cell proliferation, invasion and ERK/AKT signaling pathway in ESCC. It was identified that the expression level of SPRY2 in ESCC was remarkably decreased compared with normal tissues, and it was related to clinicopathologic features and prognosis ESCC patients. The upregulation of SPRY2 expression notably inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of Eca-109 cells. In addition, the activity of ERK /AKT signaling was also suppressed by the SPRY2 upregulation in Eca-109 cells. Our study suggests that overexpression of SPRY2 suppress cancer cell proliferation and invasion of by through suppression of the ERK/AKT signaling pathways in ESCC. Therefore, SPRY2 may be a promising prognostic marker and therapeutic target for ESCC.

El cáncer de esófago es uno de los cánceres gastrointestinales más agresivos. La invasión y la metástasis son las principales causas de mal pronóstico del cáncer de esófago. Se ha informado que SPRY2 ejerce efectos promotores en los cánceres humanos, que controla las vías de señales, incluidas PI3K/AKT y MAPK. Sin embargo, la expresión de SPRY2 en el carcinoma de células escamosas de esófago (ESCC) y su mecanismo subyacente aún no están claros. En el presente estudio, nuestro objetivo fue investigar el papel detallado de SPRY2 en la regulación de la proliferación celular, la invasión y la vía de señalización ERK/AKT en ESCC. Se identificó que el nivel de expresión de SPRY2 en ESCC estaba notablemente disminuido en comparación con los tejidos normales, y estaba relacionado con las características clínico-patológicas y el pronóstico de los pacientes con ESCC. La regulación positiva de la expresión de SPRY2 inhibió notablemente la proliferación, migración e invasión de células Eca-109. Además, la actividad de la señalización de ERK/AKT también fue suprimida por la regulación positiva de SPRY2 en las células Eca-109. Nuestro estudio sugiere que la sobreexpresión de SPRY2 suprime la proliferación y la invasión de células cancerosas mediante la supresión de las vías de señalización ERK/AKT en ESCC. Por lo tanto, SPRY2 puede ser un marcador de pronóstico prometedor y un objetivo terapéutico para la ESCC.

Demand and influencing factors of non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis for AIDS among men who have sex with men in Wuhan / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To investigate the drug demand and related influencing factors of AIDS non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Wuhan, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of subsequent intervention policies for MSM. Methods　With the assistance of social organizations in Wuhan, MSM was recruited by the snowball method to carry out an online questionnaire survey to collect information on demographics, AIDS-related knowledge, high-risk behaviors, and the need for nPEP medication. The χ2 test and unconditional Logistic regression were used to analyze the related factors of the demand for nPEP medication. Results　A total of 308 valid subjects were included in this study, with predominantly 18-29 years old (78.57%, 242/308). The self-reported sexual orientation was mainly homosexuality (82.47%, 254/308), and the awareness rate of AIDS knowledge was high (89.29%, 275/308). Among the survey respondents, 35.06% (108/308) did not know the situation of HIV infection among MSM population in Wuhan; 55.19% (170/308) had two or more same-sex sexual partners in the last six months; 90.91% (280/308) had heard of nPEP before participating in this survey. After passing nPEP and informing the protective effect of nPEP, 59.42% (183/308) of them needed nPEP. After HIV exposure, 73.38% (226/308) were willing to spend money to buy nPEP drugs, and 88.64% (273/308) were willing to take nPEP drugs because of the known side effects. Logistic regression analysis showed that in the last six months, the needs for taking nPEP medication in those who had 2 or more same-sex sexual partners (OR=2.121, 95%CI: 1.329-3.386) and who had received peer education (OR=1.740, 95%CI: 1.088-2.781) were higher than those of those who had a same-sex sexual partner in the last six months and who had not received peer education. Conclusions　The MSM population in Wuhan has a great demand for nPEP drugs, and peer education is an important way to carry out nPEP publicity and promotion. At the same time, we should continue to strengthen warning publicity and education and behavioral intervention to reduce MSM risky sexual behaviors and reduce new HIV infections.

Classification of hepatocellular carcinoma diameter by statistical technology and prognostic evaluation in patients after the combined use of transarterial chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation

Objective: This study aimed to classify hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) according to their diameter using statistic technology and evaluate the prognosis of the classified groups after the combined use of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Materials and Methods: Electronic medical records of 128 consecutive patients who underwent TACE-RFA as the initial treatment for HCC from January 2010 to April 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. TACE was initially performed with subsequent RFA performed after 3–7 days. The decision tree model was used to classify overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), local recurrence rate (LRR), and treatment complications in HCC. Results: The tumors were divided into three groups of sizes ≤2.9 cm, 2.9–4.8 cm, and >4.8 cm. The group of tumors >4.8 cm showed inferior OS, PFS, and LRR than the other two groups (P < 0.05) on long-term follow-up but not in thefirst 6 months (P > 0.05). The groups of tumors ≤2.9 cm and 2.9–4.8 cm showed no statistically significant difference in OS, PFS, and LRR (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The cutoff points of 2.9 and 4.8 cm were achieved using the objective decision tree model rather than the artificial division of 3 and 5 cm. The prognosis was not significantly different between the groups of tumors ≤2.9 cm and 2.9–4.8 cm, and the prognosis of the two groups was better than the group of tumors >4.8 cm in the long-term follow-up but not in thefirst 6 months

Logistic regression analysis of clinical and computed tomography features of pulmonary abscesses and risk factors for pulmonary abscess-related empyema

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to investigate the risk factors for pulmonary abscess-related empyema by investigating the clinical characteristics and chest computed tomography imaging features of patients with pulmonary abscesses. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the chest computed tomography findings and clinical features of 101 cases of pulmonary abscess, including 25 cases with empyema (the experimental group) and 76 cases with no empyema (the control group). The potential risk factors for pulmonary abscess-related empyema were compared between the groups by using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The incidence of pulmonary abscess-related empyema was 24.8% (25/101). Univariate analysis showed that male gender, diabetes, pleuritic symptoms, white blood cells >10×109/L, albumin level <25 g/L, and positive sputum cultures were potential clinical-related risk factors and that an abscess >5 cm in diameter and transpulmonary fissure abscesses were potential computed tomography imaging-related risk factors for pulmonary abscess-related empyema. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that transpulmonary fissure abscesses (odds ratio=9.102, p=0.003), diabetes (odds ratio=9.066, p=0.003), an abscess >5 cm in diameter (odds ratio=8.998, p=0.002), and pleuritic symptoms (odds ratio=5.395, p=0.015) were independent risk factors for pulmonary abscess-related empyema. CONCLUSIONS: Transpulmonary fissure abscesses, diabetes, giant pulmonary abscesses, and pleuritic symptoms increased the risk of empyema among patients with pulmonary abscesses.

Effect observation of onlays on the posterior teeth with subgingival defects after deep margin elevation / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#Objective To evaluate the effect of repairing posterior teeth with subgingival defects with onlays after deep margin elevation and to provide a reference for clinical application.@*Methods @#Eighty-six cases of posterior teeth with subgingival defects were treated with resin filling to elevate the subgingival margin to the superior gingival margin and were then restored with onlays of cast porcelain. Patients were followed up at 1 week, 6 months and 12 months. The wear and tear of the restorations, fractures of the restorations, loss of the restorations, marginal closeness, marginal staining, secondary caries and gingival health were examined. Assessment of efficacy with reference to American public health service standards was conducted.@*Results @#One week after the operation, there was no loss of follow-up. Eighty-six cases of onlays had no prosthetic wear, prosthetic fracture, prolapse of the prosthesis, edge adhesion, edge coloration, secondary caries, etc., and the gums were healthy. At 6 months after surgery, 2 patients were lost to follow-up and 4 of the remaining 84 onlays were detached. After re-adhesion, there was no shedding. At 12 months after surgery, 5 cases were lost to follow-up and 81 cases of onlays demonstrated no further prosthetic wear, prosthetic fracture, prolapse of the prosthesis, edge adhesion, edge coloration, secondary caries, etc., and the gums were healthy. The success rate after 12 months of repair was 95.1% (77/81).Conclusion For posterior teeth with a subgingival defect, onlays of cast porcelain have the advantages of a high success rate, co@*Conclusion@# For posterior teeth with a subgingival defect, onlays of cast porcelain have the advantages of a high success rate, convenient clinical operation and no influence on periodontal health to restore posterior teeth after deep margin elevation.

Apoptotic mechanisms in rabbits with blast-induced acute lung injury

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the apoptotic mechanisms in rabbits with blast-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Methods: A total of 40 rabbits were randomly divided into a blank control group (A, n=10) and an experimental group (EXP, n=30). Explosion-induced chest-ALI models were prepared and sampled at different time points (4, 12, and 24h after modeling, T1-T3) to test the lung dry weight/wet weight ratio (W/D) and arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2), apoptosis of lung tissue by the TUNEL assay, and Caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 levels by immunohistochemical analysis. Furthermore, lung tissue was sampled to observe pathological morphology by microscopy. Results: Under a light microscope, Group EXP exhibited obvious edema in the pulmonary interstitial substance and alveoli, a large number of red blood cells, inflammatory cells, and serous exudation in the alveolar cavity, as well as thickening of the pulmonary interstitial fluid. Compared to Group A, the W/D ratio was significantly increased in Group EXP (P<0.01), while PaO2 was significantly reduced (P<0.01). The apoptosis index was significantly increased (P<0.01), and caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 levels were increased (P<0.01). Conclusion: Apoptosis plays an important role in the occurrence and development of acute lung injury in rabbits by participating in lung injury and promoting the progression of ALI.

Cause of the lacrimal duct obstruction reoccured after lacrimal duct stent operation / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

·AIM: To discuss the cause of lacrimal duct obstruction relapsed after lacrimal duct stent operation.·METHODS:A total of 523 patients(523 eyes) of lacrimal duct obstruction were enrolled. They were given regular examination of the eyes and nose before lacrimal duct stent operation. We analyzed the correlation between the lacrimal duct obstruction and the relevant disease. And 280 cases reoccurred lacrimal duct obstruction during the average 2a follow-up. The causes correlated with the relapsed obstruction were assessed.·RESULTS: Lacrimal duct obstruction mostly occurred secondary to the inflammation of conjunctiva or nasal mucosa. The upper site obstruction correlated with the chronic conjunctivitis, while the lower site obstruction related to the hypertrophy of inferior turbinate. Outcome of some cases were discouraging after the stents removed. The removal of the ring silicone tube usually leaded to the upper site obstruction, while the lower site obstruction usually caused by the removal of spherical silicone tube.· CONCLUSION: Lacrimal duct stent operation is a simple, safe and outpatient treatment. But the long-term effectiveness is not encouraging. We should make personal treatment according to the etiological factor, the site of the obstruction, age, and the procedure of treatment.

Evaluation of Right Ventricular Global Longitudinal Function in Patients with Tetralogy of Fallot by Two-dimensional Ultrasound Speckle Tracking Imaging / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Quantification of right ventricular(RV)volume and function remains a challenge because of RV complex geometry by conventional echocardiography.The purpose of this study was to assess RV global longitudinal function in patients with tetralogy of Fallot(TOF)by 2-dimensional ultrasound speckle tracking imaging(STI).Thirty-eight patients with TOF were enrolled in this study and divided into child group(n=25)and adult group(n=13)according to age.Thirty-eight age-and sex-matched normal subjects were selected as control groups including child control group(n=25)and adult control group(n=13).RV global longitudinal peak systolic strain(GLS),strain rate(GLSPs),early diastolic strain rate(GLSRe)and late diastolic strain rate(GLSRa)were measured in all subjects by STI from the apical 4-chamber view and compared between groups.Furthermore,the main factors affecting the RV global longitudinal functional parameters were assessed.Compared with those in controls,RV GLS,GLSRs and GLSPe were significantly reduced in patients with TOF(P<0.05 for all).RV GLSRs was significantly decreased in adult patients with TOF as compared with that in child patients(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in RV GLS,GLSRe and GLSRa between child and adult TOF groups(P>0.05).The diameter of right ventricle,main pulmonary artery and ventricular septum defect had correlations with RV GLSRs(r1=-0.490,r2=0.580,r3=-0.528,respectively,P<0.05 for all).Tricuspid annular plane peak systolic velocity(Sm)was the independent predictor of RV global strain and strain rate(β1=0.355,P1=0.031,β2=0.307,P2=0.021).RV global longitudinal function is decreased in patients with TOF,especially in adult patients.STI is a sensitive and accurate technique in RV global functional assessment.

Ultrasound Speckle Tracking Imaging Contributes to Early Diagnosis of Impaired Left Ventricular Systolic Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

To investigate the value of ultrasound speckle tracking imaging (STI) in the assessment of the short-axis and long-axis systolic function of the left ventricle (LV) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), 100 subjects with normal ejection fraction were studied, including 41 patients with DM only (DM group), 22 patients with both DM and left ventricular hypertrophy (DH group),and 37 healthy subjects (control group). Left ventricle systolic function in the long axis defined as longitudinal strain, and that in the short axis defined as radial strain, apical and basal LV rotations,and LV twist were assessed respectively. The results showed that average peak strain in the long axis at basal, middle and apical levels, and global peak strain were significantly decreased in the patient groups when compared with the control group (P<0.001 for each). The parameters in DH group were significantly lower than those in DM group (P<0.01 for each). There were no significant differences in average radial peak strain in the short axis at different levels, and global peak strain among the three groups (P>0.05). Apical and basal LV rotations, and LV twist were greater in the patient groups than in the control group (P<0.01 for each). Basal LV rotation and LV twist were greater in DH group than those in DM group (P<0.01). It was concluded that STI may be used to identify early abnormalities in patients with type 2 DM that have normal left ventricular systolic function.